Ward also suggests that "its heavy, almost equally weighted lines seemed to go well with the heavy lines of arts and crafts woodcuts." It was used by at least one printer around the time period for the same reason. Alexander Lawson describes this as being intended by founder Elbert Hubbard to copy the dark style of impression favoured by William Morris' Kelmscott Press. The Roycroft Press used the family extensively. The course of development is difficult to trace.Īn Old Style Antique in a Roycroft Press edition of 'Sonnets from the Portuguese' by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1898. In the 1890s, when such faces as Caslon and Jenson had introduced the notion that all historic romans were bold, their colour and old-style basic forms made the old-style Antiques in the words of De Vinne.'now often used as fair substitutes for older styles of text types,' regardless of their unhistoric origin. The term 'Antique' probably refers less to historical forms than to the boldness and the stubby serifs of the Egyptians, which were also called antiques. This was indeed produced, almost simultaneously in Philadelphia and in Edinburgh in two distinct designs, both under the name of Old Style Antique. Willem Ovink, a historian of type, writes in his history of the style in 1971 that: Ī bold Old Style was needed. Although Old Style Antique faces were bolder than Old Style, the difference was not great enough that they could not be used for body text. However, the old style antique fonts also became used for extended body text use. "Antique" was a common name given to bolder typefaces of the time, now often called slab serifs, and identifies the aim of creating a complementary bolder design on the oldstyle model for uses such as emphasis and headings. The direct ancestor of Bookmans were several fonts from around 1869 named "Old Style Antique" intended as a bold complement to the original Old Style face. (Ronaldson Old Style by Alexander Kay (1884) was another, as was Phemister's own later Franklin, created after he had emigrated. Widely resold and pirated, it became a standard typeface and helped to create a genre of a wide range of loose revivals and adaptations of the Caslon design, visible in the wide-spreading arms of the T and the sharp half-arrow serifs on many letters. The lower-case letters are quite wide and the x-height (height of lower-case letters) is quite large. Like them, it has sloping top serifs and an avoidance of abrupt contrasts in stroke widths. Often described as "modernised old style", it is a redesign of "true old-style" serif faces from the eighteenth century such as Caslon.
The ancestor of Bookman Old Style is Miller & Richard's "Old Style", cut by Alexander Phemister. It was presumably not designed by Phemister, who had emigrated to New York in 1861 before moving to Massachusetts a few years later. The design is bolder but on the same basic structure. The 1924 textbook Introduction to Advertising described Bookman as having "the impression of reliability without heaviness". Old Style Antique has letterforms similar to those of the eighteenth-century typeface Caslon, with a more even and regular structure, a wide and tall lower-case, and little contrast in line width.īookman is much bolder than the original Old Style, to which it was intended to be a bold complement, almost to the point of being a slab serif, and evolved its own identity, with American Type Founders giving it its own name and a distinctive set of swash characters, with which it is often associated. These were created as a bold version of the "Old Style" typeface, which had been cut by Alexander Phemister around the 1850s for the Miller & Richard foundry and become a standard, popular book typeface. It is also used as the official font of Indonesian laws since 2011.īookman evolved from fonts known as Old Style Antique, released around 1869. In advertising use it is particularly associated with the graphic design of the 1960s and 1970s, when revivals of it were very popular. A wide, legible design that is slightly bolder than most body text faces, Bookman has been used for both display typography, for trade printing such as advertising, and less commonly for body text. Bookman or Bookman Old Style, is a serif typeface.
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